@Article{CecchiniMachArta:2014:DrSiDi,
               author = "Cecchini, Micael Amore and Machado, Luiz Augusto Toledo and 
                         Artaxo, P.",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and Instituto de 
                         F{\'{\i}}sica (IF), Universidade de S{\~a}o Paulo (USP)",
                title = "Droplet Size Distributions as a function of rainy system type and 
                         Cloud Condensation Nuclei concentrations",
              journal = "Atmospheric Research",
                 year = "2014",
               volume = "143",
                pages = "301--312",
             keywords = "Cluster analysis, Condensation, Drops, Method of moments, Size 
                         distribution, Atmospheric properties, Classification system, Cloud 
                         condensation nuclei, Cloud microphysics, Cloud resolving model, 
                         Droplet size distributions, Particle concentrations, Precipitation 
                         systems, Rain, aerosol, cloud condensation nucleus, cloud 
                         microphysics, precipitation (climatology), raindrop, size 
                         distribution, Brazil.",
             abstract = "This work aims to study typical Droplet Size Distributions (DSDs) 
                         for different types of precipitation systems and Cloud 
                         Condensation Nuclei concentrations over the Vale do 
                         Para{\'{\i}}ba region in southeastern Brazil. Numerous 
                         instruments were deployed during the CHUVA (Cloud processes of tHe 
                         main precipitation systems in Brazil: a contribUtion to cloud 
                         resolVing modeling and to the GPM) Project in Vale do 
                         Para{\'{\i}}ba campaign, from November 22, 2011 through January 
                         10, 2012. Measurements of CCN (Cloud Condensation Nuclei) and 
                         total particle concentrations, along with measurements of rain 
                         DSDs and standard atmospheric properties, including temperature, 
                         pressure and wind intensity and direction, were specifically made 
                         in this study. The measured DSDs were parameterized with a gamma 
                         function using the moment method. The three gamma parameters were 
                         disposed in a 3-dimensional space, and subclasses were classified 
                         using cluster analysis. Seven DSD categories were chosen to 
                         represent the different types of DSDs. The DSD classes were useful 
                         in characterizing precipitation events both individually and as a 
                         group of systems with similar properties. The rainfall regime 
                         classification system was employed to categorize rainy events as 
                         local convective rainfall, organized convection rainfall and 
                         stratiform rainfall. Furthermore, the frequencies of the seven DSD 
                         classes were associated to each type of rainy event. The rainfall 
                         categories were also employed to evaluate the impact of the CCN 
                         concentration on the DSDs. In the stratiform rain events, the 
                         polluted cases had a statistically significant increase in the 
                         total rain droplet concentrations (TDCs) compared to cleaner 
                         events. An average concentration increase from 668cm-3 to 2012cm-3 
                         for CCN at 1% supersaturation was found to be associated with an 
                         increase of approximately 87m-3 in TDC for those events. For the 
                         local convection cases, polluted events presented a 10% higher 
                         mass weighted mean diameter (Dm) on average. For the organized 
                         convection events, no significant results were found. © 2014 
                         Elsevier B.V.",
                  doi = "10.1016/j.atmosres.2014.02.022",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2014.02.022",
                 issn = "0169-8095",
                label = "scopus 2014-05 CecchiniMachArta:2014:DrSiDi",
             language = "en",
        urlaccessdate = "27 abr. 2024"
}